Manual Sampling vs Automatic Samplers

Manual sampling and automatic sampling can both support stormwater and water quality programs. The right choice depends on safety, timing, access, monitoring requirements, and how predictable the runoff event is.

Manual sampling

Manual sampling works well when a trained person can safely access the sample point during the required monitoring window. It is simple, flexible, and usually lower cost.

• Lower equipment cost.
• Good for simple outfalls and routine inspections.
• Requires staff to mobilize during rain or flow events.
• Can be difficult when discharge starts at night or during unsafe conditions.

Automatic samplers

Automatic samplers are useful when the monitoring window is hard to predict, when staff access is limited, or when composite samples are needed. They require more setup, but they can improve sample capture reliability.

• Can collect samples without staff standing at the outfall.
• Can be triggered by time, level, flow, or rainfall depending on setup.
• Can support composite sampling programs.
• Requires programming, battery checks, tubing cleaning, and secure mounting.

Decision guide

Use manual sampling when the site is simple, safe, and staffed. Consider automatic sampling when timing, safety, or event capture reliability is the main concern.

Related tools and guides

• Sampling Equipment
• Stormwater Monitoring Equipment
• Water Quality Monitoring
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